A USB-C to USB adapter would completely nullify an iPhone’s fast charging via USB-C Power Delivery. USB-C PD requires USB-C tech on both ends. USB-A does not have the same comm lines PD uses for power negotiation. Without that negotiation the iPhone sees a standard Lightning connection and does not engage USB-C PD for fast charging.
That said, fast charging occurs on the iPhone below 70% battery charge. If you regularly plug in your iPhone to charge fast charging isn’t as important to you. You can also get a slower fast charge using the old Apple 2.4A tech. It dates back to the original iPad and iPhone 4, but is still supported on the latest iPhones. A USB-A charger which supports Apple 2.4A (any Anker charger with PowerIQ) will fast charge the iPhone at twice the rate of its included charger. But is still 33% slower than USB-C PD. In the end the iPhone charges ~15-20 minutes slower, going from 0-100%.
If you want to use a USB-C charger stick with Apple MFi certified USB-C to Lightning cables to fast charge an iPhone 8/X/XR/XS/11. All of Anker’s USB-C to Lightning cables are MFi certified.