Science is explaining. There’s either coincidence or causation, and correlation. Example of causation of the positive is “I won’t have a panic attack” triggers the attack. Example of causation to the negative “I won’t trip and fall” where you pay more attention. In both causes you can ask a group to do something and a group do nothing, and compare results.
You certainly can have correlation without causation, that’s how science learns. It’s how the early vaccines were found with dairy workers having different pox infection rates than others.
Correlation, but no known cause = area to investigate and find cause, net new knowledge.
Correlation with known cause = knowledge
Cause but not known yet correlation = scientific study, trials.
No correlation but claimed causes = mumbo jumbo, ignore as this is the path to idiocy where a claim is accepted without evidence.